Technical Principles of CO₂ Extraction Equipment
A supercritical fluid is a substance maintained above its critical pressure (Pc) and critical temperature (Tc), exhibiting properties intermediate between those of a gas and a liquid. It possesses a density similar to a liquid, viscosity comparable to a gas, and a high diffusion coefficient, making it an ideal solvent.
The solvent strength of a supercritical fluid is influenced by temperature and pressure. By adjusting these parameters, specific components can be selectively extracted based on their solubility. In lower temperature ranges, temperature affects the density of the solvent and the vapor pressure of the solute. In higher temperature ranges, increased solute vapor pressure enhances the extraction rate. The addition of small amounts of polar co-solvents (e.g., methanol, isopropanol; typically ≤10%) can extend the range of extractable compounds.
Technical Features of CO₂ Extraction Equipment
Mild extraction
The process operates at near-ambient temperatures (35–40°C) in a CO₂ environment, preventing the oxidation or degradation of heat-sensitive components. It is effective for extracting high-boiling-point substances.
Environmentally Friendly and High Purity
No organic solvents are used, eliminating solvent residues. The entire process is natural and clean.
High Efficiency and Energy Savings
The integration of extraction and separation steps ensures high process efficiency, low energy consumption, and reduced operational costs.
Safety and stability
CO₂ is inert, non-flammable, odorless, and non-toxic, ensuring safe operation.
Low Operational Cost
CO₂ is inexpensive, available in high purity, easy to produce, and recyclable within the system.
Ease of Operation
Temperature and pressure are readily adjustable. The process is straightforward, and extraction cycles are rapid.
Application Fields of CO₂ Extraction Equipment
Biomedicine
Extraction of active ingredients such as artemisinin, ginkgo flavonoids, alkaloids, and tanshinone.
Food industry
Purification of compounds including capsanthin, lycopene, caffeine, and DHA/EPA.
Natural Fragrances
Purification of essential oils such as rose, peppermint, sandalwood, and agarwood.
Plant Oils and Fats
Refinement of oils from sources such as grape seed, evening primrose, sea buckthorn seed, and walnut kernel.
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