In order to explore and grasp the research progress on the protective effect of nicotine on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), starting from the target of nicotine in the central nervous system, potential neuroprotective mechanisms and corresponding clinical applications, through literature research and This comprehensive analysis expounds the current status and progress of research on PD at home and abroad. At the same time, the clinical application methods of nicotine are compared, and the application prospects and limitations of nicotine in anti-PD are summarized.
The results show:
① Nicotine mainly acts on nAChRs in the brain to regulate nervous system functions, and can directly or indirectly promote the release of dopamine and improve the clinical symptoms of PD patients.
② Nicotine can exert neuroprotective effects by resisting protein aggregation, resisting neuron apoptosis, and resisting nerve cell inflammation.
③The preclinical and clinical application methods of nicotine mainly include subcutaneous injection, tablets, nicotine chewing gum and nasal spray.
④ Nicotine has broad application prospects in the treatment of PD, but its dosage and clinical efficacy still need to be further clarified and improved.
Research has confirmed that nicotine can reduce the accumulation of harmful proteins in the nervous system, promote the growth of neurons and reduce their apoptosis and death. The pathogenesis of PD is closely related to neuronal loss and protein accumulation.
Therefore, nicotine may be a potential but very important anti-PD drug. Nicotine has certain anti-PD effects, but the specific mechanism of action is very complex and remains unclear and needs further elucidation.
Nicotine mainly acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain. nAChRs is a ligand-gated ion channel receptor. There are 9 α subunits (α2~α10) and 4 kinds in the brain. β subunits (β2~β5), and nAChRs exist in the form of homopentamers (α7~α10 subunits) or heteropentamers (α2~α6 subunits, β2~β4 subunits) in nerve cells. α4-nAChRs and α7-nAChRs are mainly expressed, and both are major nicotine-dependent receptors.
It is known that α4-nAChRs can transmit intracellular and intracellular signals and participate in the nicotine-induced dopamine release process, and α4-nAChRs is an important receptor that affects nicotine sensitivity. α7-nAChRs has high calcium permeability and can mediate various calcium-dependent cell signaling pathways, thereby affecting the activity of neurons and their regulation of movement, learning and memory functions. Therefore, the pharmaceutical value of nicotine against neurodegenerative diseases is under extensive research and development.
So researchers can use equipment to obtain nicotine components for research.