01 Cardiovascular system: Excites the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla, increases the release of catecholamines, causes vasoconstriction, increases heart rate, and increases blood pressure.
02 Digestive system: Activates parasympathetic ganglia and cholinergic nerve endings, leading to an increase in intestinal tension and movement, which can produce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
03 Respiratory system: Small doses of nicotine can excite the chemoreceptors of the carotid body and aortic body and excite breathing. When the dose is increased, it can directly excite the medulla oblongata respiratory center. At toxic doses, the center changes from excitement to inhibition, and it also stimulates the respiratory muscles NM. The receptor causes long-lasting depolarization and paralysis of respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory failure and death.
04 Nervous system: The stimulant effect is significant. Appropriate doses can produce tremors, and larger doses can be accompanied by convulsions.